For example, motors in frames 18250 can be supplied for operation under low starting voltage conditions down to 65% of nameplate rated voltage. Electric motors are a source of electrical hazards and consequently. Selection of induction motors for industrial applications part 1 photo credit. Dc motors series,shunt and compound if speed control is desired high torque is desired then go for thi. Motor torque, load torque and selection of motors 243 2. Selection of power rating of an electric motor for electric vehicles. The input electrical power can be in the form of a dc battery, ac line voltage, rectified ac line voltage, or a wide variety of controls. A motor that reverses the direction of an electrical current at regular times is called an alternating current motor, or more commonly known as an ac motor. Furthermore, the requirements of evs on electric motor drives are presented. This guide will help you learn the basics of electric motors, available types and how to choose the correct motor. All around us there are electrical devices that move things around. Physics of an electric motor an electric motor is a device used to convert electric energy into rotational kinetic energy.
These losses occur due to the constantly changing direction of the magnetic field. Department of energy doe office of energy efficiency and renewable energy eere with support from the copper development association cda. What is the function of an electric motor, and what. Rate voltage and rated speed is something that you should definitely have a look and apart from that whether you want a dc motor or ac motor.
Pdf medium and large scale processing of agricultural products are mostly carried out using modern technology i. Motors can be designed to compensate for this drop in voltage. When should an electric adjustable speed drive be used instead of a gas or steam turbine. My original aim was to bridge the gap between specialist textbooks which are pitched at a level too academic for the average user and the more prosaic handbooks, which are full of useful detail but provide. Electric motors and drives fundamentals, types and applications third edition austin hughes senior fellow, school of electronic and electrical engineering, university of leeds amsterdam boston heidelberg london new york oxford paris san diego san francisco singapore sydney tokyo newnes is an imprint of. Focusing on four broad motor types, care is taken to meticulously evaluate the characteristics, advantages, and drawbacks of each. Selection of induction motors for industrial applications. The selection, connection, reversing and repair of. Pdf in this study, six kinds of the drivetrain systems of electric motor drives for evs are discussed. Can current electric motor and power storage technologies conceptually support flight operations for a cessna 172k in terms of aircraft. Core losses are another important criterion for the efficiency of electric drives. One major benefit of electric motors is that they allow displacement of a power source at some distance from the point where motive power is needed. National electrical manufacturers association nemanema.
Every year, the running cost of the motor will be from four to sixteen times its capital cost. Motors the basics of motors it is important to select the motor that will help assure optimum performance of the equipment to be driven. Survey various major types of motor designs with an. New and interesting electric motors motor efficiency has become a major specification in todays energyconscious world. Electric motor selection and sizing university of alabama.
A world without electric motors is difficult to imagine. The premium efficiency motor selection and application guide and its companion. New and interesting electric motors electronic products. Consequently, the rated output of 100 horsepower should be derated to approximately 82 hp to reduce the possibility of damage to the motor. In addition to providing basic information about ac motors in general, this course also includes an overview of. Introduction an electric vehicle ev is a type of vehicle which employs the use of one or more electric motors for the propulsion. Electric motor, any of a class of devices that convert electrical energy to mechanical energy, usually by employing electromagnetic phenomena. Like generators, electric motors consist of a stator and a rotor and the three ingredients. T po pullout, breakdown or maximum torque, obtainable over the entire speed range. Electric motors provide motive power to a variety of devices. What are the functions of parts in an electric motor. An electric motor is a device which converts electrical energy into kinetic energy i. From the tiniest motor found in a quartz watch to a millionplus horsepower motor powering a ship, motors are used in many diverse applications. General electric standard motors rated at 60 hz may be successfully operated at 50 hz at reduced voltage and horsepower as shown in the following table.
Introduce electric motor technology and its role in. There are two different types of electric motors, and each has there own use. Download types of electric motors pdf download free online book chm pdf. Electric motor drive selection issues for hev propulsion. Audels electric motor guide covering construction control and maintenance including armature winding by anderson, edwin p. For instance, a 100 horsepower, threephase motor operating with voltages of 598, 575 and 552 applied at the motor terminals is running with a 4% voltage unbalance 100 x 23575.
The basics of motor selection groschopp whitepaper. In comparison, the power system of gasolinepowered vehicles consists of a number of components, such as the. Index terms electric vehicles, electric motor drive, electric motors, fossil fuel, propulsion. When should an electric adjustable speed drive be used. In this study, six kinds of the drivetrain systems of electric motor drives for evs are discussed. Flux density is key to the torque of an electric motor. Small universal electric motors typically have an efficiency of about 30%, while 2kw threephase machines can reach efficiencies of 95% or higher when they are operated at near full load. Large motors may experience a considerable voltage drop at the motor terminals when started due to large inrush current values. In any case, electric motors should be selected to satisfy the dynamic requirements of the machines on which they are applied without exceeding rated electric motor temperature. How to select an electric motor for a specific application. An electrical motor is a device that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy. Pdf selection of electric motor drives for electric vehicles.
The magnet is spun by a 3 phase ac motor with no rotor voltage 4. Premium efficiency motor selection and application guide. The basics of motor selection small electric motor. The basics of motor selection whitepaper is a designers guide to selecting fractional horsepower motors and differentiating between motor types including ac, dc and brushless motor types.
Free engineering books contains links to various online engineering text books, online notes and reference materials on various engineering topics such as computer, electronics, electrical, mechanical, chemical, instrumentation and. In this paper, different electric motors are studied and compared to see the benefits of each motor and the one that is more suitable to be used in the electric vehicle ev applications. To do this, a motor must be selected that is capable of starting the equipment. Uses soft magnet rotor that is magnetized by the application of current in the stator coils 3.
A basic rule of thumb is that in an ac motor, as in an ac generator used for industrial power production, the magnet is on the rotor and the current 1. Energy efficient motors an electric motor can consume electricity to the equivalent of its capital cost within the first 500 hours of operation a mere three weeks of continuous use, or three months of single shift working. Most motors described in this guide spin on an axis, but there are also specialty motors that move linearly. The selection, connection, reversing and repair of electric motors by robertw. A drive cycle of the motorgeneratormay be characterizedas intermittent, consisting of positive and. The rotor and stator are each connected from a different power supply, this gives another degree of freedom for controlling the motor over the shunt. This conversion is usually obtained through the generation of a magnetic field by means of a current flowing into one or more coils. Hence, an utmost care should be exercised in selection of most appropriate type of motor considering number of technical factors for each application, so that the motor would provide desired and optimum performance. How motors work and how to choose the right motor by mark casilang buyers guide to selecting the right motor. An electric motor is an electromagneticdevice that converts electrical energy intomechanical energy the first electric motor was invented bywilliam sturgeon in 1832 the first commercially successful electricmotor was created in 1873 today, electric motors can be found in avariety of appliances. A handbook was compiled to help industry identify opportunities for costeffective application of these motors. The electric motor drive has an energy efficiency of 94. There are several types of single phase ac motors in current production in the u. This paper describes the procedure for proper selection of rating of electric motor with an example of brushless dc motor for an electric car.
The different types are direct current and alternating current motors. Energyefficient electric motor selection handbook cedengineering. There is even a little motor that is used to eject the removable disk from its drive. Just about everything in ones life that whine, whirrs or clicks does so because an electric motor caused the motion. The rotor and stator windings are connected in parallel.
By itself, a spinning motor shaft isnt very useful, unless you want to use it for drilling or for spinning a fan blade. How motors work and how to choose the right motor for your. An ac motor of this type may be part of a pump or fan or connected to some other form of mechanical equipment such as a winder, conveyor, or mixer. Groschopp engineers share knowledge and expertise about the motor selection process. Miller this presentation does not contain any proprietary, confidential, or otherwise restricted information 20 u. Desired output characteristicsc of electric motor drives in evs ev drives versus industrial drives. A majority of threephase induction motors operate with their stator windings connected directly to a threephase electric supply of constant voltage and. Energyefficient electric motor selection handbook summary substantial reductions in energy and operational costs can be achieved through the use of energyefficient electric motors. All motors are either alternating current ac or direct current dc, but a. Department of energy doe office of energy efficiency and renewable energy eere with support from the copper. Ev power systems motors and controllers the power system of an electric vehicle consists of just two components.
Pdf comparative study of using different electric motors. The speed of an ac motor depends on the frequency of the input power and the number of poles for which the motor is wound. The rotor has salient poles and a cage so that it starts like an induction motor, and runs like a synchronous motor. Electric motors for machines and mechanisms mit fab lab. Electric motor drive selection issues for hev propulsion systems. Premium efficiency motor selection and application guide i acknowledgments the premium efficiency motor selection and application guide and its companion publication, continuous energy improvement in motordriven systems, have been developed by the u. Each motor technology exhibits a particular torque vs. Mechanical energy what is an electric motor an electric motor is a device converting electrical energy into mechanical energy usually a torque. Annual electric motor sales volume and energy savings potential. The department of higher education and training makes provision for a bursary fund per tvet college in order facilitate optimum access for financially needy and academically deserving students. Electric motors and their controls by tak kenjo, oxford science publications stepping motors a guide to theory and practice by paul acarnley, 4th edition, iee. The vehicle is named the electric vehicle ev if an electric motor or a few electric motors are used to drive wheels of a vehicle.
The main parts of an electric motor include the stator and rotor, a series of gears or belts, and bearings to reduce friction. Once type of motor is selected, what size motor is required. High efficiency electric motors title energyefficient electric motor selection handbook summary substantial reductions in energy and operational costs can be achieved through the use of energyefficient electric motors. It works on the principle of the interactions between the magnetic fields of a permanent magnet and the field generated around a coil conducting electricity. General information iso 9001 quality international standards organization iso 9001 is an internationally recognized standard which is used as a model for quality management sys. Selection of electric motor drives for electric vehicles ieee xplore. Modern electric and hybrid vehicle designers have the selection of several technologies to choose from when selecting an electric drive motor. Motor selection is often a complicated process that takes a lot of work with various vendors and time to sort and evaluate quotes.
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